MS Explorer, (IMO: 6924959), a small expedition cruise ship operated by GAP Adventures (now G Adventures), sank in the Bransfield Strait, close to King George Island in the Southern Ocean and near the South Shetland Islands.
It seems the master mistook thick, multi-year Antarctic ice for thinner Baltic pack. A later investigation found he also maintained speed while navigating at night.
On board were 154 passengers and crew members, all of whom were safely evacuated to lifeboats before the ship sank.
The Incident
The MS Explorer, built in 1969 as a research vessel and later converted for passenger cruises, was on a 19-day Antarctic expedition. The incident occurred at approximately 10:45 pm local time when the ship struck pack ice near King George Island, causing significant damage to its hull. Despite efforts to patch up the cracks, the water ingress was too severe, and the decision was made to abandon ship.
Rescue Efforts
Fortunately, the MS Nordnorge, a Norwegian liner, was in the vicinity and responded promptly to the distress call. All passengers and crew members were rescued within 4-5 hours and taken to a Chilean air force base on King George Island.
Environmental Concerns
The sinking of the MS Explorer raised concerns about potential environmental impacts. The vessel carried approximately 185,000 litres of diesel, 24,000 litres of lubricants, and 1,200 litres of gasoline, which posed a risk to the sensitive Antarctic ecosystem. Chilean officials reported a surface oil slick, and authorities deployed an icebreaker to the region to mitigate the damage. A joint clean-up effort was undertaken, with the US authorities alone spending around $2.5 million.
Investigation and Aftermath
An investigation into the incident revealed that unclear visibility due to a heavy snowstorm and the vessel's limited turning radius contributed to the incident. The incident prompted discussions within the cruise industry regarding safety protocols for Antarctic expeditions. GAP Adventures implemented new safety measures, including more stringent standards for lifeboat drills and navigation procedures, as well as increased training for captains and crew members.